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Leslie Miller 4/25/24 Leslie Miller 4/25/24

Divorce and Social Security

Social Security benefits, although often overlooked, are an important part of divorce, especially as couples near retirement age. Although Social Security is not divisible as property in a divorce, it is an important piece of retirement income that should not be ignored.

Social Security Benefits in General

Social Security is a federal program that provides financial assistance to retirees, disabled individuals, and survivors of deceased workers. The benefits are primarily based on a worker's earnings history and are designed to provide a basic level of income during retirement. The benefit is meant to be supplemented by a worker’s separate retirement savings, such as a 401k, IRA, 403b, pension, etc.

The more a person earns through employment prior to retiring, the more a person contributes to social security through taxes, to a point. The government sets a maximum income (“Social Security Tax Limit”) that workers will pay social security taxes on. In 2024, this limit is $168,600, meaning that people earning more than this amount will only pay social security tax on the first $168,600 earned in 2024. The more a person earns through employment, the more that person will receive as a social security benefit, to a point. The Social Security Administration calculates each person’s benefits according to a complex formula. Each person over the age of 18 years can create an account online to review their anticipated social security benefits.

Non-Division of Social Security Benefits in Divorce

As stated above, when a couple divorces, Social Security benefits earned during the marriage are not subject to division, unlike marital assets. However, there are several key points to consider:

Individual Work Records: Each spouse's individual work record determines their eligibility for Social Security benefits. Even if a couple divorces, each spouse retains their own earnings history and is entitled to benefits based on their own record.
Former Spouse's Benefit Entitlement: If a marriage meets the 10-year requirement (see next point), a former spouse may be entitled to receive Social Security benefits based on their former partner's earnings record. If a former spouse receives benefits based on their former partner’s earnings record, it does not impact the former partner’s social security benefits in any way. The former spouse can receive an amount up to 50% of the other party’s social security benefit by using the other party’s earnings record. Such a disparity in benefit amounts can exist if one party took time off work (such as to be a stay at home parent, illness, etc.) or if one party earned substantially more than the other. Note, if the former spouse’s social security benefit is lower than their spouse’s benefit because the former spouse worked for an employer but did not pay social security tax during such employment (such as working for the federal government and participating in the CSRS pension plan or working for an international organization, to name only a few potential reasons) there is a Windfall Elimination Provision that will decrease the former spouse’s benefit amount both on their own earnings record and based on their spouse’s earnings record.
Duration of Marriage: To be eligible for Social Security benefits based on an ex-spouse's record, the marriage must have lasted at least 10 years. If the marriage falls short of this duration, the ex-spouse is not entitled to benefits based on the former partner's record.
Remarriage: If an ex-spouse remarries, they generally lose eligibility for benefits based on their former partner's record, unless the subsequent marriage ends. A person must be unmarried to be eligible for benefits based on a former partner’s earnings record.

Consider the Whole Financial Picture

While Social Security benefits cannot be divided, they are a factor to be considered in various aspects of a divorce. For example, assessing each spouse's financial needs, especially in retirement, is crucial. Social Security benefits can significantly impact one's income during retirement, so it's important to understand how they fit into the overall financial picture. Disparate social security entitlements could impact alimony.

Parties going through a divorce should be confident their attorneys understand how social security and retirement benefits will impact them in the present or future, and can structure any agreement (or request in court) a division of assets and income that considers all of these factors. Contact our office today at 240-396-4373 to set up a consultation with an attorney at Markham Law Firm.

About the Author

Leslie Miller has prepared hundreds of retirement orders for federal, state and local governments as well as a wide variety of private, religious, and educational organizations. The experience with so many retirement plans helps Leslie advise clients with their own retirement division goals.

Regina A. DeMeo 4/24/24 Regina A. DeMeo 4/24/24

The Top Things to Consider Including in Your Prenuptial Agreement

Getting married is an exciting time in your life. It is important to consider the potential legal and financial implications of your union. That’s where a prenuptial agreement comes in. While it may not be the most romantic aspect of wedding planning, a prenup can provide peace of mind and protect your assets in the event of a divorce. This is even more important as 40% to 50% of marriages end in divorce. But what should you include in your prenuptial agreement?

From property division and spousal support, to the logistics of selling the marital home in the event of a separation, there are several critical elements to consider. In this article, we’ll explore the top things to include in your prenuptial agreement so you can feel confident and prepared for your future together. So, whether you’re getting ready to tie the knot or just curious about prenups, read on to learn more!

Understanding the Importance of a Prenuptial Agreement

A prenuptial agreement is a legal document that outlines how assets and debts will be divided in the event of a divorce. It can also address other important issues, such as spousal support and alimony. While no one wants to think about the possibility of divorce, it’s important to be prepared for the worst-case scenario. A prenup can help avoid costly legal battles down the road.

One of the most significant benefits of a prenuptial agreement is that it can protect assets that were acquired before the marriage. For example, if you own a home or have a significant amount of savings, a prenup can ensure that you maintain control over those assets in the event of a divorce. Without a prenup, those assets could be subject to division according to certain state laws.

Another important consideration is that a prenup can help avoid conflicts that may arise in the event of a divorce. By setting clear expectations upfront, both parties can feel more secure and confident in their financial futures. A prenup can also help protect any children from a previous marriage by ensuring that their inheritance is preserved.

What to Include in a Prenuptial Agreement

When drafting a prenuptial agreement, it’s important to consider all the relevant issues that may arise in the event of a divorce. In 2021, the divorce rate in the US stood at 2.5 per 1,000 people. Every situation is unique, there are some common elements that should be included in most prenups.

Financial Considerations to Include in a Prenuptial Agreement

One of the most important elements of a prenuptial agreement is financial considerations. This may include how assets will be divided, how debts will be allocated, and how income and expenses will be treated during the marriage. It’s important to be as specific as possible when outlining these provisions to avoid confusion or disputes at a future date.

For example, if one party has significant student loan debt, the prenup may specify that the other party will not be responsible for those debts in the event of a divorce. Similarly, if one party owns a business, the prenup may outline how that business will be valued and divided in the event of a divorce.

Another important financial consideration is how income will be treated during the marriage. This may include whether income earned during the marriage will be considered separate or marital property. By specifying these provisions upfront, both parties can avoid confusion and potential conflict going ahead.

Property and Asset Division in a Prenuptial Agreement

Another critical element of a prenuptial agreement is the division of property and assets. This may include how real estate, investments, and other valuable assets will be divided in the event of a divorce.

For example, the prenup may specify that any property acquired during the marriage will be considered marital property and subject to division in the event of a divorce. Alternatively, the prenup may outline how specific assets, such as a family heirloom or vacation home, will be divided in the event of a divorce.

Spousal Support and Alimony in a Prenuptial Agreement

Spousal support and alimony are often contentious issues in divorce proceedings. By including provisions for spousal support and alimony in a prenuptial agreement, both parties can avoid lengthy and costly legal battles down the road.

The prenup may outline how spousal support will be calculated, how long it will last, and under what conditions it may be terminated.

Addressing Debts and Liabilities in a Prenuptial Agreement

In addition to assets, a prenup should also address debts and liabilities. This may include how credit card debt, student loans, and other debts will be allocated in the event of a divorce.

For example, the prenup may specify that any debt acquired during the marriage will be considered joint debt and subject to division in the event of a divorce. Alternatively, the prenup may outline how specific debts, such as medical bills or personal loans, will be allocated in the event of a divorce.

Protecting Family-Owned Businesses in a Prenuptial Agreement

If one party owns a family-owned business, it’s important to consider how that business will be protected in the event of a divorce. A prenuptial agreement can help ensure that the business remains in the family and is not subject to division in the event of a divorce.

The prenup may outline how the business will be valued, how ownership will be determined, and how any profits or losses will be allocated.

Legal Considerations When Drafting a Prenuptial Agreement

When drafting a prenuptial agreement, it’s important to consider the legal implications of each provision. It’s also important to ensure that the prenup complies with state laws and regulations.

To ensure that your prenup is legally binding, it’s important to work with an experienced attorney who can help draft the document and ensure that it complies with state laws. It’s also important to ensure that both parties have had an opportunity to review and understand the prenup before signing.

How to Approach Discussing a Prenuptial Agreement with Your Partner

Discussing a prenuptial agreement with your partner can be a sensitive issue. It’s important to approach the conversation in a respectful and open-minded manner.

Start by explaining why you feel a prenup is important and how it can benefit both parties. Be sure to address any concerns your partner may have and be open to compromise. Remember that a prenup is a legal document, but it doesn’t have to be an adversarial process.

Common Misconceptions About Prenuptial Agreements

There are several common misconceptions about prenuptial agreements. One of the most common is that only wealthy individuals need prenups. In reality, anyone can benefit from a prenup, regardless of their income or assets.

Another misconception is that a prenup is a sign of distrust or lack of commitment. In reality, a prenup helps avoid conflicts. It’s important to approach the conversation with your partner in a positive and constructive manner.

A prenuptial agreement is an important consideration for any couple. By addressing important legal and financial issues upfront, both parties can feel more secure and confident in their financial futures. If you’re considering a prenup, contact our office at 240-396-4373 today.

About the Author

Regina A. DeMeo is a Principal of Markham Law Firm. Since 1998, Regina has helped families in transition address their legal issues related to custody, child support, alimony, and property division either through negotiated settlements or litigation.

Regina A. DeMeo 4/22/24 Regina A. DeMeo 4/22/24

The Benefits of Hiring a Prenuptial Agreement Attorney: Why You Need One for Your Prenup

Planning a wedding is an exciting and blissful time, but amidst the joyous chaos, it’s important not to overlook the practical side of things. That’s where a prenuptial agreement attorney can come to the rescue. A prenup may not be the most romantic aspect of marriage, but it can save couples from potential legal headaches down the line—especially when you consider that the statistics show that about 50% of first marriages and 75% of second marriages will end in divorce. Everyone hopes to beat these odds, but we need to be safe here not sorry later down the road.

What is a prenuptial agreement?

A prenuptial agreement, commonly referred to as a prenup, is a legal contract that couples enter into before getting married or entering a civil partnership. It outlines how their assets, debts, and other financial matters will be divided in the event of a divorce or separation. While it may not be the most romantic topic to discuss, a prenup can provide clarity and protection for both parties involved.

A prenuptial agreement covers a wide range of issues, including the division of property, spousal support, and the handling of debts. It can also address other matters such as the protection of family heirlooms or the safeguarding of independent business interests. By clearly outlining each party’s rights and responsibilities, a prenup can help avoid lengthy and costly legal battles in the future.

Understanding the importance of a prenuptial agreement attorney

When it comes to drafting a prenuptial agreement, it’s crucial to have the guidance of a knowledgeable and experienced attorney. A prenuptial agreement attorney specializes in family law and understands the complexities of creating a legally binding contract that protects the interests of both parties.

While some couples may consider using online templates or attempting to draft their own prenup, it’s important to remember that these documents are subject to state laws and regulations. A prenuptial agreement attorney can ensure that your prenup is tailored to your specific needs and complies with all legal requirements.

Additionally, an attorney can provide valuable advice and guidance on issues you may not have considered. They can help you navigate the emotional aspects of discussing financial matters and ensure that both parties are treated fairly throughout the process.

Benefits of hiring a prenuptial agreement attorney

1. Expertise in family law

One of the key benefits of hiring a prenuptial agreement attorney is their expertise in family law. They have in-depth knowledge of the legal requirements and can guide you through the entire process, from drafting the agreement to ensuring its enforceability in court.

A prenuptial agreement attorney can help you understand the implications of certain clauses and provisions, ensuring that your prenup is comprehensive and protects your interests. They can also provide valuable insights into how courts typically interpret prenuptial agreements, helping you create a document that is more likely to hold up in litigation.

2. Addressing common concerns and potential pitfalls

A prenuptial agreement attorney can help address common concerns and potential pitfalls that couples often overlook. For example, they can advise on how to handle future inheritances, protect business interests, or ensure that both parties are financially secure in the event of a divorce.

By discussing these concerns and potential issues early on, a prenuptial agreement attorney can help couples make informed decisions and avoid future conflicts. They can also provide guidance on what is considered fair and reasonable in terms of spousal support, property division, and other financial matters.

3. Representing your interests during negotiations

Negotiating the terms of a prenuptial agreement can be a delicate and sensitive process. Hiring a prenuptial agreement attorney ensures that you have someone representing your interests and advocating for you during these negotiations.

An attorney can help you articulate your needs and preferences, ensuring that the final agreement reflects your wishes. They can also help navigate any disagreements that may arise between you and your partner, facilitating a fair and balanced outcome.

How a prenuptial agreement attorney can protect your assets

One of the primary reasons couples opt for a prenuptial agreement is to protect their assets and future income. Whether you have significant financial holdings, a successful business, or valuable personal property, a prenup can provide the necessary safeguards.

A prenuptial agreement attorney will work with you to identify and properly document your assets. They will help determine what should be considered separate property, which is not subject to division in the event of a divorce. This can include assets that were acquired prior to the marriage, inheritances, or gifts received during the marriage.

By clearly outlining the division of assets in your prenup, you can save yourself from potential disputes and ensure that you retain what is rightfully yours. This can provide peace of mind and financial security, allowing you to focus on building a strong foundation for your future together.

Common misconceptions about prenuptial agreements

There are several common misconceptions about prenuptial agreements that can deter couples from considering one. It’s important to debunk these myths and understand the true benefits of having a prenup in place.

One common misconception is that prenups are only for the wealthy. While it’s true that high-net-worth individuals often utilize prenups to protect their assets, prenuptial agreements can benefit couples from all walks of life. Whether you have significant assets or not, a prenup can provide clarity and protection for both parties involved.

Another misconception is that prenups are unromantic or a sign of mistrust. In reality, a prenuptial agreement is simply a tool for open and honest communication about financial matters. It allows couples to have important conversations about their goals, expectations, and responsibilities, which can ultimately strengthen their relationship.

The role of a prenuptial agreement attorney in negotiations

Negotiating the terms of a prenuptial agreement can be a sensitive and complex process. A prenuptial agreement attorney plays a crucial role in facilitating these negotiations and ensuring that both parties are treated fairly.

An attorney will help you identify your priorities and interests, ensuring that they are reflected in the final agreement. They will also provide guidance on what is considered fair and reasonable in terms of spousal support, property division, and other financial matters.

Throughout the negotiation process, a prenuptial agreement attorney will advocate for you and protect your rights. They will help you navigate any disagreements that may arise, working towards a mutually beneficial outcome.

Conclusion: The peace of mind that comes with hiring a prenuptial agreement attorney

In conclusion, a prenuptial agreement attorney can be a valuable asset when it comes to protecting your interests and ensuring a solid foundation for your future together. From guiding you through the process of drafting a comprehensive agreement to representing your interests during negotiations, an attorney can provide the expertise and guidance you need.

Don’t let the misconception that prenups are only for the wealthy hold you back. A prenuptial agreement attorney can help couples from all walks of life navigate the complexities of marriage and secure a solid foundation for their future together. By addressing common concerns, protecting your assets, and ensuring a fair and balanced agreement, a prenup can provide invaluable peace of mind for both parties involved.

Contact our office at 240-396-4373 to discuss your prenuptial agreement needs.

Regina A. DeMeo 4/18/24 Regina A. DeMeo 4/18/24

Getting A Divorce in Montgomery County MD: The Role of a Divorce Lawyer

Divorce is a difficult decision that can have a significant impact on your life. If you’re considering ending your marriage you may be wondering about the role of a divorce lawyer. Family law attorneys are legal professionals who specialize in handling divorce cases and can provide you with invaluable guidance and support during this challenging time. They can help you navigate the complex legal system, protect your rights, and ensure that you receive a fair settlement.

In this article, we’ll explore the role of a divorce lawyer in Maryland, which has implemented significant changes to the domestic relations laws recently.. Whether you’re facing a contested or uncontested divorce, having a skilled and knowledgeable divorce lawyer by your side to guide you through the legal process can make all the difference. So, let’s dive in and learn more about how they can help you through this difficult journey.

The Role of a Divorce Lawyer

A divorce lawyer plays a critical role in helping you navigate the legal process of ending your marriage. In just an initial consult, they can provide you with valuable advice and support, ensuring that you understand your rights and obligations. They can provide an overview of the filing process and your options for finalizing a divorce while ensuring your rights are protected throughout the process. A divorce lawyer can also help you understand the legal requirements for getting a divorce in Maryland, which is now a no-fault divorce jurisdiction.

The fault grounds for divorce such as adultery, abandonment or cruelty of treatment have been eliminated. Instead, there are now three (3) no-fault grounds for divorce: (1) irreconcilable differences; (2) a 6 month separation, which can be in the same house; or (3) Mutual Consent, where the parties have a signed agreement resolving all issues arising from their marriage..

One of the most important roles of a divorce lawyer is to help you negotiate a fair settlement. This includes dividing marital assets, determining spousal support, and establishing child custody and support arrangements if necessary. A divorce lawyer can guide you through the process, ensuring that your interests are represented and that your settlement is fair and equitable.

A divorce lawyer can also help you understand the legal implications of your divorce. This includes understanding the tax implications of your settlement and any other legal issues that may arise during the process. They can also provide you with valuable advice on how to protect your rights and ensure that your interests are protected throughout the process.

Benefits of Hiring a Divorce Lawyer

Hiring a divorce lawyer can provide you with a range of benefits during the divorce process. One of the most significant benefits is that they can help you navigate the legal system. Divorce proceedings can be complex and difficult to understand, and having a skilled lawyer by your side can help you make sense of the process and ensure that you follow the necessary steps.

Another benefit of hiring a divorce lawyer is that they can help you negotiate a fair settlement. Divorce settlements can be contentious and emotional, and having a lawyer by your side can help you keep your emotions in check and ensure that your interests are represented in negotiations.

A divorce lawyer can also provide you with valuable advice and support throughout the process. They can help you understand your legal rights and obligations and provide you with guidance on how to protect your interests during the divorce proceedings. This can be particularly helpful if you are dealing with a difficult or contentious spouse.

Steps Involved in Getting a Divorce in Montgomery County, MD

Getting a divorce in Montgomery County, MD, involves several steps that must be followed to ensure that the process is completed correctly. The first step is to file a complaint for divorce with the Circuit Court for Montgomery County. This document outlines the grounds for divorce and any other relevant information about the marriage.

Once the complaint has been filed, the next step is to serve the complaint on your spouse, unless they are willing to waive formal services and accept service via email. Formal service is normally done by certified mail or by hiring a process server to deliver the complaint in person. Your spouse will then have 30 days to respond to the complaint.

If your spouse does not respond to the complaint, you can file a motion for default judgment. This allows you to proceed with the divorce without your spouse’s participation. If your spouse does respond to the complaint, the next step is to negotiate a settlement agreement.

Most families try mediation or wait until the court orders them to attend mediation. If you are unable to reach a settlement agreement with your spouse, the next step is to request a court hearing. A judge will hear arguments from both sides and decide on any unresolved issues. Once the judge has issued a final decree of divorce, the divorce is final.

Legal Requirements for Divorce in Montgomery County, MD

To file for divorce in Montgomery County, MD, you must meet certain legal requirements. The most important requirement is that you must have grounds for divorce. Maryland is now a no-fault jurisdiction, so either you will allege (1) irreconcilable differences; (2) a 6 month separation or (3) Mutual Consent, provided both spouses have signed a comprehensive agreement.

In addition to meeting the grounds for divorce, you must also meet residency requirements. To file for divorce in Montgomery County, MD, you or your spouse must have lived in the county for at least six months before filing.

Common Issues in Divorce Cases

Divorce cases can be complex and emotional, and many common issues may arise during the process. One of the most common issues is property division. Marital assets must be divided fairly and equitably between the two spouses. This can be a contentious issue, especially if there are significant assets involved.

Another common issue in divorce cases is child custody and support. If you have children, you will need to establish a Parenting Agreement, which is a detailed arrangement regarding custody and support that is in the best interests of the child. This can be a difficult process, and having a divorce lawyer by your side can be invaluable.

Other common issues in divorce cases include spousal support, retirement account division, and tax implications of the settlement. A divorce lawyer can help you navigate these issues and ensure that your interests are protected throughout the process.

How a Divorce Lawyer Can Help with Property Division

One of the most contentious issues in divorce cases is property division. Marital assets must be divided fairly and equitably between the two spouses, which can be a difficult and emotional process. A divorce lawyer can help you negotiate a fair settlement, ensuring that your interests are represented and that you receive a fair share of the marital assets.

A divorce lawyer will help you identify all the marital assets and debts, including real estate, retirement accounts, and personal property. They will also help you value these assets and determine the best way to divide them.

If you and your spouse are unable to reach an agreement on property division, a divorce lawyer can represent you in court. They will argue on your behalf and ensure that your interests are protected throughout the process.

Child Custody and Support Issues in Divorce Cases

Child custody and support can be one of the most difficult issues to resolve in a divorce case. If you have children, you will need to establish a custody and support arrangement that is in the best interests of the child.

A divorce lawyer can help you negotiate a custody and support agreement with your spouse. They can help you understand the legal requirements for custody and support, and ensure that your interests are represented throughout the process.

If you and your spouse are unable to reach an agreement on custody and support, a divorce lawyer can represent you in court. They can argue on your behalf and ensure that your interests are protected during the legal proceedings.

Alternatives to Going to Court for a Divorce

Going to court for a divorce can be a lengthy and expensive process. Fortunately, there are alternatives to going to court that may be more appropriate for your situation. One alternative is mediation.

Mediation involves a neutral third party who helps you and your spouse negotiate a settlement agreement. This can be a more amicable and cost-effective way to resolve your divorce.

Another alternative is collaborative divorce. This involves a team approach, with both spouses and their lawyers working together to reach a settlement agreement. This can be a more collaborative and less adversarial way to end a marriage.

Choosing the Right Divorce Lawyer

Choosing the right divorce lawyer is an important decision that can have a significant impact on the outcome of your divorce. When choosing a divorce lawyer, it’s important to look for someone experienced, knowledgeable, and compassionate.

You should also look for a divorce lawyer who is a good communicator and who will keep you informed throughout the process. They should be able to explain complex legal issues in a way that you can understand and should be responsive to your questions and concerns.

Getting a divorce can be a difficult and emotional process. However, with the help of a skilled and knowledgeable divorce lawyer, you can navigate the legal system and ensure that your rights are protected throughout the process.

A divorce lawyer can provide you with invaluable guidance and support, helping you negotiate a fair settlement and resolve any issues that may arise during the divorce proceedings. If you’re considering ending your marriage, be sure to consult with a divorce lawyer who can help you through this difficult journey. Contact our office today at 240-396-4373 to schedule a consultation with one of our experienced attorneys.

Regina A. DeMeo 4/16/24 Regina A. DeMeo 4/16/24

Zoom vs. In-Person Mediation in Family Law Cases

The landscape of mediation has expanded beyond traditional in-person sessions to include virtual platforms like Zoom. This shift offers both opportunities and challenges, particularly in the realm of family law disputes where emotions run high and communication is key. Let's delve into the pros and cons of Zoom mediation versus in-person mediation for family law cases.

Zoom Mediation:

Pros:

Convenience: Zoom mediation eliminates the need for travel, allowing parties to participate from the comfort of their own homes or offices. This convenience can be especially beneficial for individuals with busy schedules, childcare responsibilities, or mobility limitations.
Accessibility: Virtual mediation expands access to professional mediators, regardless of geographical location. Parties can engage mediators from different cities or even countries, widening the pool of expertise available to them.
Cost-Effectiveness: Virtual mediation can be more cost-effective than in-person sessions, as it eliminates expenses associated with travel, accommodation, and venue rental. This makes mediation more accessible to individuals with limited financial resources.
Flexibility: Zoom mediation offers greater flexibility in scheduling, allowing parties to find mutually convenient times for sessions. This flexibility can expedite the mediation process and reduce the time and stress associated with scheduling conflicts.
Safety: Virtual sessions allow the parties to be kept in separate rooms with no risk of seeing each other, which is incredibly helpful in cases where one party feels intimidated by the other.

Cons:

Technical Challenges: Zoom mediation relies on technology, and technical glitches such as poor internet connection or audiovisual issues can disrupt proceedings. Technical difficulties may impede effective communication and lead to frustration among participants.
Lack of Personal Connection: Virtual mediation may lack the personal connection and rapport that can be established through in-person interactions. Non-verbal cues and subtle nuances may be harder to perceive over video, potentially hindering the development of trust and empathy between parties and the mediator.
Distractions: Participants in Zoom mediation may be susceptible to distractions in their environment, such as noise from other household members or interruptions from electronic devices. These distractions can detract from the focus and effectiveness of the mediation process.

In-Person Mediation:

Pros:

Physical Presence: In-person mediation allows for direct, face-to-face interaction between parties and the mediator. This physical presence can foster a sense of connection, trust, and accountability, enhancing the quality of communication and the likelihood of reaching agreements.
Non-Verbal Communication: In-person mediation enables participants to observe and respond to non-verbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. These subtle cues can convey emotions and intentions more effectively than words alone, facilitating deeper understanding and empathy.
Controlled Environment: In-person mediation provides a controlled environment free from the distractions and technical limitations associated with virtual platforms. Participants can focus their attention fully on the mediation process, leading to more productive discussions and outcomes.

Cons:

Logistical Challenges: In-person mediation requires coordination of schedules, transportation, and venue arrangements. This logistical complexity can introduce delays and logistical barriers, particularly for parties residing in different locations or with conflicting commitments.
Safety Concerns: In-person mediation may raise concerns about health and safety. Participants may feel apprehensive about attending face-to-face sessions due to concerns about intimidation, control or safety.
Costs: In-person mediation may incur additional costs associated with venue rental or travel expenses. These costs can be prohibitive for parties with limited financial resources, potentially restricting access to mediation services.

In conclusion, the choice between Zoom and in-person mediation depends on various factors, including individual preferences, logistical considerations, and the nature of the dispute. Both modalities offer distinct advantages and challenges, and the most effective approach may vary depending on the specific circumstances of each case.

Ultimately, the goal of mediation remains the same: to facilitate constructive dialogue, promote mutual understanding, and empower parties to reach amicable resolutions that prioritize the best interests of everyone involved. Whether conducted virtually or in person, mediation serves as a valuable tool for navigating family law disputes and fostering positive outcomes for families in transition.

To explore whether mediation is the best option for you to proceed with your case, contact us at 240-396-4373 to schedule a consult today.

Leslie Miller 4/16/24 Leslie Miller 4/16/24

QDRO CORNER: Concurrent Payments of FERS and CSRS Pensions

When a person becomes employed by the federal government will determine whether they earn an interest in the Civil Service Retirement System (“CSRS”) or the Federal Employees’ Retirement System (“FERS”). CSRS was closed at the end of 1983 and FERS began in the beginning of 1984.

Former federal government employees may have an interest in both CSRS and FERS systems. These employees may have been an employee under CSRS, left the employ of the federal government for a period, and then returned when FERS was the pension system provided to employees.

When these benefits are paid to the retired participant, they are paid in a single, combined payment. The retired participant receives an annual statement which describes the benefit paid from each retirement system, and any COLA applied thereto. In addition, if a survivor benefit was selected at retirement (or awarded pursuant to a Court Order) the statement will show the amount of benefit and to whom it is awarded.

This annual statement is helpful for a few reasons. First, the amount awarded to the soon-to-be former spouse can easily be calculated. This knowledge will help both parties plan financially for the future.

Second, to confirm whether the retiree is receiving a benefit from one or both pension systems. Some people who were CSRS employees at the time the plans switched were required to or had the option to switch to FERS. For these participants, they would no longer have a CSRS interest, as it would have been transferred to FERS. As such, any award to a soon-to-be former spouse from CSRS in this case would worthless.

Alternatively, if the benefit is coming from both systems the parties can properly allocate the division between the plans, or shift the soon-to-be former spouse’s benefit to come entirely from one plan. Parties may want to shift the soon-to-be former spouse’s benefit to be from one plan only so that there is only one domestic relations order needed.

Finally, the domestic relations order dividing the pension interest must state the name of the plan it is dividing. Being able to confirm if a retiree is receiving benefits from one or both retirement systems is incredibly helpful to ensure the former spouse will receive the proper amount of benefits. If this is not confirmed, the former spouse may receive less than anticipated once payments to the former spouse begin, and may have waived interest in all other benefits. This situation would leave the former spouse potentially without recourse to enforce the agreement and get what they expected.

If the annual statement is not available for any reason, it is best practice to include in the agreement as much information as possible to ensure the former spouse receives the intended amount, such as the amount that the retiree receives on a monthly basis, and the estimated amount the former spouse should receive on a monthly basis. In addition, if the parties believe but are unsure if the benefits are entirely from one retirement system, the agreement should include a paragraph that the parties will cooperate to ensure the former spouse receives they entire benefit, including, if necessary, a second Court Order to divide the other pension interest and direct payment of the difference from the retiree until the second Court Order is put in place.

Finally, a consideration here too is whether enough information is being exchanged for the parties to be making informed decisions. If the attorney has any concern that a party is not going to receive the agreed upon amount they should be sure to send their client a written communication with their concerns, recommended action, and suggested language for the agreement. This will make clear the attorney’s concerns with the agreement and proposed solutions. This communication will help to protect the attorney against any malpractice claims in the event the agreement does not provide the former spouse with the expected benefits.

If you have a case where a party may have both benefits and you need assistance in drafting settlement agreement language, proposing language for a judgment of divorce, or determining the best way to divide the benefits to implement the parties’ intended division, call us. We offer consultations on federal benefits and flat fee retainers for defined scopes of work in this area. Contact our office at 240-396-4373 to schedule a consultation today.

Morgan E. Leigh 4/15/24 Morgan E. Leigh 4/15/24

What Do I do If I am Served with a Domestic Violence Protective Order?

Receiving a domestic violence protective order can be a distressing and overwhelming experience. Whether the allegations are justified or unfounded, it's essential to handle the situation with care and diligence. Understanding your rights and the necessary steps to take can help protect your interests and ensure a fair resolution. Here's a comprehensive guide on what to do if you are served with a domestic violence protective order:

1. Remain Calm and Composed

Receiving a protective order can evoke strong emotions such as anger, confusion, or fear. However, it's crucial to maintain composure and avoid any actions or statements that could escalate the situation further. Do not act out of anger or contact the person that filed the order (petitioner). You may be recorded on an officer's body worn camera or by someone nearby, and you do not want to appear violent or unhinged.

If the order requires you to vacate your home, request that the sheriff or law enforcement officer give you a minute to grab your wallet and cellphone so that you can obtain a hotel room and/or call a friend or loved one for a temporary place to stay. If you are in possession of firearms, let officers know since it is unlawful to possess firearms while under a protective order.

2. Read the Protective Order Carefully

Carefully review the contents of the protective order, including the specific allegations, restrictions, and duration of the order. Pay close attention to any conditions or limitations imposed by the court, such as maintaining a certain distance from the petitioner or refraining from contacting them. Many protective orders prohibit communication by third parties as well, so it may be unlawful for you to have a friend contact the petitioner on your behalf, no matter how benign the request. Some protective orders will allow communication via text or email as it relates to the well-being of the minor children, so you will want to take note of any limitations on the type of contact allowed.

3. Adhere to the Terms of the Protective Order

It is crucial to comply with the terms and conditions outlined in the protective order, even if you disagree with its issuance. Violating the order can result in serious legal consequences, including arrest and criminal charges. Avoid any contact or communication with the petitioner, directly or indirectly, until the order is modified or lifted by the court, unless the order specifically permits certain types of communication such as texting to facilitate access to shared children.

4. Seek Legal Advice

Consult with an experienced attorney who specializes in domestic violence cases as soon as possible. A knowledgeable attorney can provide valuable guidance on how to proceed, represent your interests in court, and help you navigate the legal complexities of the situation. Your attorney can communicate with the petitioner and opposing counsel, which can be extremely helpful when trying to resolve the case or collect belongings that may still be at the petitioner's home.

5. Gather Evidence

Compile any evidence or documentation that may support your case, such as witness statements, texts, email, social media posts, photos, or surveillance footage. This evidence can be instrumental in challenging the allegations and presenting a compelling defense in court. Think about what evidence there may be to support your response to the petition for a protective order.

6. Attend Court Hearings

Attend all scheduled court hearings related to the protective order and follow any directives from the judge. Be punctual, respectful, and cooperative during proceedings, and refrain from any disruptive behavior that could undermine your credibility. If demonstrate anger or instability, this could help the petitioner's case and harm yours.

7. Respect the Court's Decision

Ultimately, respect the authority of the court and abide by its rulings, even if they are unfavorable. If the protective order is granted, comply with its terms until it expires or seek legal recourse for modification or termination through the appropriate channels. In Maryland, protective orders issued in the District Court may be appealed to the Circuit Court within 30 days after the issuance of the ruling where you can receive an entirely new trial.

Being served with a domestic violence protective order is a serious matter that requires careful attention and strategic action. By remaining calm, understanding your rights, seeking legal advice, and adhering to the terms of the order, you can navigate this challenging situation with greater clarity and confidence. Remember, prioritizing safety, compliance with the law, and seeking resolution through legal channels are paramount in protecting your interests and moving forward constructively. Contact our office today at 240-396-4373 to schedule a consultation with one of our experienced attorneys.

About the Author

Morgan E. Leigh focuses her practice on protective orders, peace orders, domestic violence, and criminal cases in Maryland and Washington, D.C. She has trial experience in multiple local Maryland counties and Washington, D.C. She is also barred in Maryland and Washington, D.C. federal courts.

Morgan E. Leigh 4/10/24 Morgan E. Leigh 4/10/24

How to Choose Your Criminal Defense Lawyer

In the realm of legal matters, navigating through the intricacies of criminal charges can be a daunting experience. Whether you find yourself facing allegations of a misdemeanor or a serious felony, one of the most critical decisions you'll make is selecting the right criminal defense attorney. This choice can significantly impact the outcome of your case and your future. Here's a guide to help you make an informed decision when choosing your legal representation:

1. Expertise and Specialization

First and foremost, seek an attorney who specializes in criminal defense. While general practice lawyers may offer assistance in various legal matters, a specialist in criminal defense possesses the specific skills and experience necessary to navigate the complexities of your case. Attorney Leigh has more than 12 years of criminal defense experience.

2. Experience Matters

Experience is invaluable in the field of criminal defense. An attorney who has handled numerous cases, including trials, negotiations, and appeals, is better equipped to anticipate challenges and devise effective strategies for your defense. Additionally, inquire about their experience with the local court, as familiarity can be advantageous. Attorney Leigh has practiced in multiple Maryland counties and the District of Columbia throughout her career, giving her insight into multiple local court systems.

3. Reputation and References

Research the reputation of potential attorneys within the legal community. Online reviews, testimonials, and referrals from trusted sources can provide insight into an attorney's professionalism, ethics, and effectiveness. It takes time to build up a strong reputation. Attorney Leigh is well respected by peers, judges, and her clients.

4. Clear Communication

Effective communication is essential in any attorney-client relationship. Choose an attorney who listens attentively to your concerns, explains legal concepts in a clear and understandable manner, and promptly responds to your inquiries. A transparent and communicative lawyer will keep you informed throughout the legal process, empowering you to make informed decisions about your case. Attorney Leigh understands that good communication is vital for the attorney-client relationship and effective representation.

5. Personal Rapport

Trust and rapport are crucial when working with a criminal defense attorney. Schedule consultations with prospective lawyers to assess their demeanor, approachability, and compatibility with your personality and values. A strong attorney-client relationship built on mutual respect and trust can significantly enhance the effectiveness of your defense strategy. The client should choose a lawyer that makes them feel comfortable, given the nature of criminal defense. Attorney Leigh makes it a point to build rapport while being herself, and she understands that rapport is crucial to the attorney-client relationship.

6. Resourcefulness and Creativity

Criminal cases often require innovative and resourceful approaches to achieve favorable outcomes. Seek an attorney who demonstrates creativity in problem-solving and a willingness to explore all available legal avenues. An adaptable and strategic lawyer can effectively navigate unforeseen challenges and advocate vigorously on your behalf. Attorney Leigh’s experience as a public defender early on in her career helped her hone the ability to handle the unexpected due to the large number of cases that went to trial – a vital skill for a criminal defense lawyer.

7. Fee Structure and Affordability

Discuss the attorney's fee structure and billing practices upfront to avoid any misunderstandings later. While quality legal representation is an investment in your future, it's essential to ensure that the costs are within your budget. Some attorneys may offer payment plans, so don't hesitate to inquire about options that align with your financial situation.

Choosing the right criminal defense attorney is a critical decision that can profoundly impact the outcome of your case and your future. By prioritizing factors such as expertise, experience, reputation, communication, rapport, resourcefulness, and affordability, you can select an attorney who will vigorously defend your rights and interests. Remember to conduct thorough research, trust your instincts, and prioritize your best interests when making this important decision. With the guidance of a skilled and dedicated legal advocate, you can navigate the complexities of the legal system with confidence and pursue a favorable resolution to your criminal case.

Contact our office at 240-396-4373 to schedule a consultation with Morgan E. Leigh today.

Regina A. DeMeo 4/3/24 Regina A. DeMeo 4/3/24

The Importance of Cohabitation Agreements: Protecting Your Relationship and Assets

More couples are choosing to cohabitate before or instead of getting married, creating an increased need for legal protections and agreements tailored to their unique circumstances. Cohabitation agreements are legal contracts that establish the rights and responsibilities of each partner in a cohabiting relationship. While discussing legal matters may not be the most romantic aspect of a relationship, it is a practical and necessary step to safeguard both partners' interests and assets.

Understanding Cohabitation Agreements

A cohabitation agreement is a legally binding contract between two individuals who live together in a committed relationship, but are not married. These agreements can cover various aspects of the relationship, including:

Financial Matters: Cohabitation agreements often address how joint expenses will be shared between the parties, including mortgage or rent payments, food, utilities, travel and entertainment. These contracts can also address how joint assets and debts will be managed, and what will happen to shared property in the event of a breakup or death. Often there is a provision requiring each party to maintain a minimum life insurance policy for the benefit of the other, so long as they remain together.
Property Rights: In the absence of a cohabitation agreement, unmarried partners may encounter difficulties in determining ownership or division of proceeds when a jointly owned house is sold, or when a partner wishes to leave a jointly rented property. These agreements clarify each partner's obligations and rights to a jointly titled home or jointly rented residence, such as providing who will buy out the interest of the other, or who will be responsible for moving out within a specific timeframe.
End-of-Relationship Arrangements: Unfortunately, not all relationships last forever. A well-crafted cohabitation agreement can facilitate a smoother separation by establishing procedures for dividing assets, handling joint debts, and resolving other issues without resorting to costly litigation. Agreeing to a confidentiality provision helps minimize the risk of having negative information leaked. Furthermore, these agreements typically include a requirement to attend arbitration or mediation in the event of a dispute.

Why Cohabitation Agreements Matter

Legal Protection: Cohabitation agreements provide legal protection and clarity for both partners. Without such an agreement, individuals may find themselves vulnerable to financial losses and disputes over property rights or liabilities in the event of a breakup or death.
Preserving Assets: Especially for individuals entering a cohabiting relationship with significant assets or inheritances, a cohabitation agreement can help ensure that these assets remain protected and are not subject to division in the event of a breakup.
Clarity and Communication: Discussing and drafting a cohabitation agreement requires open and honest communication between partners. This process can strengthen the relationship by fostering trust and ensuring that both parties have a clear understanding of their rights and responsibilities.
Avoiding Legal Battles: In the absence of a cohabitation agreement, disputes over property, finances, and other matters can quickly escalate into lengthy and costly legal battles. By establishing clear guidelines upfront, couples can minimize the risk of a contentious dispute in the future.

Drafting a Cohabitation Agreement

While cohabitation agreements offer numerous benefits, they are only effective if properly drafted and executed. It's essential to consult with an experienced attorney, who specializes in family law to ensure that the agreement complies with applicable state laws and accurately reflects the intentions of both partners.

When drafting a cohabitation agreement, consider the following key elements:

Specificity: The agreement should clearly outline each partner's rights and responsibilities concerning finances, property, and other relevant matters. Vague or ambiguous language may lead to interpretation issues in the future.
Legal Review: Before signing the agreement, each partner should seek independent legal advice to review the document and ensure that their interests are adequately protected.
Update as Needed: Over time, circumstances may change, requiring updates to the cohabitation agreement. Regular reviews and updates can help ensure that the agreement remains relevant and enforceable.

Cohabitation agreements offer unmarried couples valuable legal protections and peace of mind by clarifying their rights and responsibilities in a cohabiting relationship and determining ownership or use of property in the event the relationship ends. For further information on this subject, contact our office at 240-396-4373 to schedule a consultation.

Jessica Markham 3/22/24 Jessica Markham 3/22/24

What Information is Discoverable in Divorce Litigation in Maryland?

In Maryland, the divorce process typically involves a thorough examination of income, assets, liabilities, and other information. Discovery is the formal legal process of obtaining evidence and information from the opposing party, and it can play a pivotal role in divorce litigation. Understanding what information is discoverable in divorce proceedings in Maryland is essential for anyone navigating this challenging terrain.

Types of Discovery in Maryland Divorce Cases:

In Maryland divorce cases, several methods of discovery are commonly utilized to gather information and evidence. These methods include:

Interrogatories: These are written questions sent by one party to the other, which must be answered within a limited timeframe under oath. These questions can cover various aspects of the marriage, including information related to the children and the parties’ finances, assets, liabilities and other relevant matters.
Requests for Production of Documents: This involves requesting the other party to produce documents relevant to the case within a specified timeframe. These documents can include financial records, bank statements, credit card statements, tax returns, property deeds, and more.
Depositions: This is arranged through a court reporter and involves an attorney taking the sworn testimony of a party or potential witness outside of court prior to a trial. Depositions allow both parties to ask questions directly and can be a powerful tool for uncovering information and assessing the credibility of witnesses.
Requests for Admissions: This method involves asking the other party to admit or deny certain facts relevant to the case. Requests for admissions can help streamline the litigation process by narrowing down contested issues.
Subpoenas: Subpoenas can be issued to third parties, such as banks, employers, or other individuals, compelling them to produce documents and testify at a deposition. The recipient can charge a processing fee, including paralegal time and costs for copying and delivery.

Discoverable Information in Maryland Divorce Cases:

In Maryland, the scope of discoverable information in divorce cases is broad and encompasses various aspects of the marriage and the parties' lives. Some key areas of discoverable information include:

Financial Information: This includes income, assets, debts, expenses, bank accounts, investments, retirement accounts, and any other financial resources owned or controlled by either party.
Real Estate and Personal Property: Information about real estate holdings, including marital homes, vacation properties, rental properties, and personal property such as vehicles, furniture, and valuable assets.
Employment and Income: Details about employment history, current employment status, salary, bonuses, benefits, and any other sources of income, as well as potential for earning income.
Child Custody and Support: Information relevant to child custody and support arrangements, including the best interests of the child, parenting schedules, child care arrangements, private school, health care expenses, and any relevant factors affecting the child's well-being.
Spousal Support: Factors relevant to determining spousal support, including the length of the marriage, the financial needs and resources of each party, standard of living during the marriage, and any other relevant considerations. In Maryland there are no alimony guidelines, and without an agreement between the parties the court will have to determine if there is a need for rehabilitative alimony, which is a set period of time, or indefinite support.
Health and Medical Information: Information about the health and medical history of the parties and any children involved, including insurance coverage, medical expenses, and any special needs or considerations.
Social Media and Electronic Communications: In today's digital age, social media and electronic communications can also be discoverable in divorce cases if they are relevant to the issues involved, such as parenting ability, financial resources, or misconduct.

Limitations and Protections in Discovery:

While discovery in Maryland divorce cases is broad, there are limitations and protections in place to ensure fairness and prevent abuse. For example:

Privileged Information: Certain communications, such as those between spouses or with an attorney, may be protected by privilege and not subject to discovery.
Relevance Requirement: Discovery requests must be reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence, and parties can object to overly broad or burdensome requests.
Protective Orders: Parties can seek protective orders to limit or restrict discovery in certain circumstances, such as to protect confidential or sensitive information.

Conclusion:

When litigating a divorce case in Maryland, discovery is a critical tool for uncovering information and building a case. From financial records to personal communications, a wide range of information is discoverable in divorce proceedings. Understanding the types of discovery available, the costs involved, and the scope of discoverable information is essential for parties involved in divorce cases to navigate the process effectively. With the guidance of experienced legal counsel, individuals can ensure that their rights are protected and that they have access to the information necessary to achieve a fair and equitable resolution.

Contact our office at 240-396-4373 to schedule a consultation with one of our experienced attorneys.